Two-factor authentication (also known as 2FA) is a type (subset) of multi-factor authentication. It is a method of confirming a user's claimed identity by utilizing a combination of two different factors: 1) something they know 2) something the have or 3) something they are.
Mobile-phone two-step authentication
Mobile-phone apps SMS and direct push notifications etc. are not considered "something you have" and thus are not considered in the multi-factor/two-factor equation. Mobile-phone two-step authentication is more secure than single-factor password protection but suffers some security concerns. Phones can be cloned and apps can run on several phones; cell-phone maintenance personnel can read SMS texts. Not least cell phones can be compromised in general meaning the phone is no longer something you and only you have.
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